1390国开电大本科《人文英语4》历年期末考试(第三大题阅读选择题)题库 (排序考试版) 说明：根据试题首字母音序查找试题及答案。
[短文]ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING ―WIN STRATEGIES[内部资料] Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services.About 95 percent of lawyers still perform their legal work on an hourly basis.If you want something better than the old bill by the hour deal，try presenting one of these billing structures. PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks，consider a flat-fee approach.Once you get a project billing estimate，don＇t hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services with other law firms.A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company. RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS Pay-according-to-success is one choice.It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel.Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared encouragement，making the law firm your business partner，not just representation. MULTI-LAYERED TASKS If you＇re shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties，consider using blended hourly fees.The firm calculates in advance an average rate based on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter. This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner＇s hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate. Legal Insurance The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye the clock.This approach works like a legal insurance policy.It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation，non-crisis matters，and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action. 1._______is the best way to be charged for legal services. [答案]B.Hourly billing 2.A flat-fee approach_______. [答案]A.is suitable for repetitive tasks 3._______make the law firm share your risk and encouragement. [答案]C.Contingency fees 4.Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using_______. [答案]A.blended hourly fees 5.You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose_______. [答案]B.the old bill by the hour deal 附：
替代性法律计费—获胜策略 按小时计费是收取法律服务费用的最佳方式。大约95%的律师仍按小时执行法律工作。如果您想要比按小时计费的旧账单更好的服务，请尝试提供其中一种计费结构。
日常问题的项目计费 如果您的法律需求包括大型但重复性的工作，请考虑采用固定费用的方法。一旦您获得项目计费估算，请不要犹豫，货比三家，与其他律师事务所比较价格和服务。如果有的话，律师事务所可能会提供更好的交易它期待贵公司的未来工作。
以结果为导向的选择 按成功付费是一种选择。它根据案件的结果和您的律师的表现来考虑费用。应急费用将此事转化为共同风险或共同鼓励，使律师事务所成为您的商业伙伴，而不是只是代表。
多层任务 如果您正在为涉及多个法律专业的实际法律工作购买一家公司，请考虑使用混合小时费。该公司会根据每位律师在该事项上花费的预期时间提前计算平均费率。
这种安排有助于客户避免为应该由初级合伙人进行的研究支付高级合伙人的小时费率。
法律保险 合同费允许客户拿起电话和律师交谈，而无需看时钟。这种方法就像法律保险单一样。它鼓励公司就非诉讼、非危机事务联系他们的律师，以及从长远来看，通过采取更多的预防性法律行动来节省资金。
1._______是收取法律服务费用的最佳方式。
[答案]B.按小时计费 2.固定费用方法_______。
[答案]A.适用于重复性任务 3._______让律师事务所分担您的风险和鼓励。
[答案]C.应急费用 4.涉及多个法律专业的法律工作应考虑使用_______。
[答案]A.混合小时费 5.当您选择_______时，您必须在与律师交谈时看准时间。
[答案]B.按小时交易的旧账单 [短文]Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life，a new study published Tuesday suggests.The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil.The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s，stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula(配方奶粉).[内部资料] Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits，but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits，says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil，who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health. Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby＇s health.This is especially true in poor countries，where water can be contaminated.For instance，a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who＇s breast-fed.In the U.S.，some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby＇s IQ(智商)by a few points.But a recent study with siblings(兄弟姐妹)found little advantage to breast-feeding. Horta says these previous studies didn＇t follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects.So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth.They are now in their 30s.First，the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests.Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month，the team found. When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making，they also found a clear difference：Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher. 1.From the passage，we learn that Horta______. [答案]A.is from Brazil 2.Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned？ [答案]B.They were happier 3.Which of the following is TRUE？ [答案]C.Horta＇s research project lasted about 30 years 4.The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______. [答案]C.polluted 5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [答案]C.Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success 附：
周二发表的一项新研究表明，母乳喂养的婴儿可能更有可能在生活中取得成功。该研究跟踪了巴西 3,000 多名成年婴儿。研究人员发现，母乳喂养的婴儿在智力测试中得分略高30多岁的时候，在学校呆的时间更长，挣的钱也比那些吃配方奶粉的人多。
巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学的贝尔纳多•莱萨•奥尔塔(Bernardo Lessa Horta)说，母乳喂养不仅具有短期益处，而且具有长期益处，他领导了这项研究，该研究发表在《柳叶刀全球健康》杂志上。
医生早就知道，母乳喂养对婴儿的健康有益。在贫穷国家尤其如此，因为那里的水可能会受到污染。例如，在发展中国家，婴儿吃配方奶粉的几率是第一次死亡的 14 倍比母乳喂养六个月。在美国，一些研究表明，母乳喂养可能会使婴儿的智商(智商)提高几个百分点。但最近一项与兄弟姐妹(兄弟姐妹)的研究发现母乳喂养几乎没有优势—喂养。
奥尔塔说，这些先前的研究并没有跟踪儿童到成年期是否有长期影响。因此，奥尔塔分析了从他和他的同事自出生以来一直关注的 3,493 名志愿者收集的数据。他们现在已经 30 多岁了。首先，研究人员对受试者进行了智商测试。研究小组发现，母乳喂养 12 个月或以上的人的智商测试分数比母乳喂养不到 1 个月的人高 3.76 分。
当奥尔塔和他的同事们查看受试者接受了多少教育以及他们赚了多少钱时，他们也发现了一个明显的区别：那些母乳喂养时间最长的人在学校多呆了大约一年，月薪大约高出三分之一。
1.从文章中，我们了解到奥尔塔______。
[答案]A.来自巴西 2.以下哪项关于母乳喂养的人没有提到？ [答案]B.他们更快乐 3.下列哪项是正确的？ [答案]C.奥尔塔的研究项目持续了大约30年 4.第 3 段中的“污染”一词与______的意思最接近。
[答案]C.污染 5.以下哪项是适合这篇文章的标题？ [答案]C.母乳喂养提高成功机会 [短文]Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year，he promised to end a controversial (有争议的)，citywide cell-phone ban(禁令)in public schools，which is not equally enforced in all schools.Now，under his leadership，the city is preparing to end the ban.It will be replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed away during class.[内部资料] schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says，If we don＇t see it，we don＇t know about it.That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones，as long as they stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets. But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors，die ban has been strictly enforced.The detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools，but the scanners(扫描器)can also detect cell phones.So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone to store it for them. The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloom berg.Ending the ban will also likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban.Workers in vans(厢式货车)that resemble food tracks store teens＇ cell phones and Other devices for a dollar a day, Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency.They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory.Where the ban is enforced，it puts a disadvantage on students who can＇t afford to pay to store their phones. Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban，city education officials are working on creating a new policy.It will include rules about not using the phones during class or to cheat on tests. 1.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？ [答案]C.New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools. 2.Students pay_______a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school. [答案]A.a dollar 3.Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools，mainly to keep_______out of schools. [答案]B.weapons 4.The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means_______. [答案]C.unfair 5.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE？ [答案]C.A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses. 附：
比尔•德布拉西奥竞选纽约市市长，承诺结束(有争议的)去年他在全市范围内有争议的手机禁令(禁止在公立学校)。现在，在他的领导下，并非所有学校都禁止手机，该市正准备结束禁令。取而代之的是一项政策，允许手机进入学校，但告诉学生上课时要把手机收起来。
学校有一条关于执行禁令的规定，如果我们看不到它，我们就不知道它。这意味着老师可以让学生携带手机，只要他们不在视线范围内和放在包里和口袋。
但在88所市内设有金属探测器的学校，严格执行了禁枪令。探测器的安装是为了防止武器进入学校，但扫描仪(扫描仪)也可以检测到手机。所以这些学校的学生必须留下手机在家里或花钱请人为他们储存。
该禁令于2007年在市长迈克尔•布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)的领导下实施。结束禁令也可能结束一个在数十所实施禁令的学校附近兴起的行业。厢式货车中的工人类似于食品店的青少年,每天一美元的手机和其他设备， 禁令的批评者说，手机是孩子们在紧急情况下的重要安全设备。他们还说，禁令的执行是不平衡的和歧视性的。在执行禁令的地方，它对无力支付学费的学生不利存放他们的手机。
在正式结束手机禁令之前，市教育官员正在制定一项新政策，其中将包括在课堂上不使用手机或考试作弊的规定。
1.以下哪项是文章的主要思想？ [答案]C.纽约市将很快结束学校对手机的禁令。
2.学生支付_______一天的费用，将手机留在停在学校附近的货车中。
[答案]A.一美元 3.88 所城市学校安装了金属探测器，主要是为了远离学校。
[答案]B.武器 4.第5段中的歧视一词可能意味着_______。
[答案]C.不公平 5.根据文中的说法，下列说法正确的是？ [答案]C.88个金属探测器园区外出现了手机存储产业。
[短文]Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times，when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood.Social work has its roots in charity，as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with the poor and social problems.Although social work began as charity work，it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective.[2018年1月试题] Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with the problems arising from various types of“social fear”(“social phobias”) and diserimination such as sexism，racism，and discrimination against an individual due to his age，or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse，drug abuse，and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society.Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it，and are referred to as clients.Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community.In order to reach this goal，they often enlist the assistance of family members，relatives，local religious leaders，and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times，it is a temporary solution.Social workers usually serve in the front line，and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 21.The charity originally means to_________. A.help the poor that makes the rich feelgood. B.help clients return to normal life C.serve the whole society. [答案]A 22.When does social work begin？ A.Around the time of the industrial revolution. B.Biblical times. C.Modern time. [答案]A 23.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except_________？ A.poverty B.racism C.education [答案]C 24.In order to help clients live a productive life，social workers can turn to the assistance of_________. A.government B.family members C.businessmen [答案]B 25.Which statement about social work is NOT True？ A.Social work roots from charity. B.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with various social fear and discrimination. C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. [答案]C 附：
慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念，当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事情。社会工作源于慈善，因为它最初始于工业革命时期，当时有很多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作，但它已经扩展了很多，需要从完全不同的角度看待，现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题，而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧”(“社会恐惧症”)和歧视所产生的问题，例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄，或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。
社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点，被称为案主。社会工作者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标，他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当地宗教领袖和其他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的，但它是一个临时解决方案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务，并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复正常生活。
21.慈善原意为_________。
A.帮助穷人，让富人感觉良好。
B.帮助客户恢复正常生活 C.服务全社会。
[答案]A 22.社会工作什么时候开始？ A.大约在工业革命时期。
B.圣经时代。
C.现代。
[答案]A 23.现代社会工作除了_________以外，还存在以下问题？ A.贫困 B.种族主义 C.教育 [答案]C 24.为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于_________。
A.政府 B.家庭成员 C.商人 [答案]B 25.关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确？ A.社会工作源于慈善。
B.社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题，还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。
C.社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。
[答案]C [短文]Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times，when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood.Social work has its roots in charity，as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with the poor and social problems.Although social work began as charity work，it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective.[2018年7月试题] Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with the problems arising from various types of“social fear”(“social phobias”) and diserimination such as sexism，racism，and discrimination against an individual due to his age，or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse，drug abuse，and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society.Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it，and are referred to as clients.Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community.In order to reach this goal，they often enlist the assistance of family members，relatives，local religious leaders，and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times，it is a temporary solution.Social workers usually serve in the front line，and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 21.The charity originally means to_________. A.help the poor that makes the rich feelgood. B.help clients return to normal life C.serve the whole society. [答案]A 22.When does social work begin？ A.Around the time of the industrial revolution. B.Biblical times. C.Modern time. [答案]A 23.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except_________？ A.poverty B.racism C.education [答案]C 24.In order to help clients live a productive life，social workers can turn to the assistance of_________. A.government B.family members C.businessmen [答案]B 25.Which statement about social work is NOT True？ A.Social work roots from charity. B.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with various social fear and discrimination. C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. [答案]C 附：
慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念，当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事情。社会工作源于慈善，因为它最初始于工业革命时期，当时有很多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作，但它已经扩展了很多，需要从完全不同的角度看待， 现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题，而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧”(“社会恐惧症”)和歧视所产生的问题，例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄，或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。
社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点，被称为案主。社会工作者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标，他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当地宗教领袖和其他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的，但它是一个临时解决方案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务，并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复正常生活。
21.慈善原意为_________。
A.帮助穷人，让富人感觉良好。
B.帮助客户恢复正常生活 C.服务全社会。
[答案]A 22.社会工作什么时候开始？ A.大约在工业革命时期。
B.圣经时代。
C.现代。
[答案]A 23.现代社会工作除了_________以外，还存在以下问题？ A.贫困 B.种族主义 C.教育 [答案]C 24.为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于_________。
A.政府 B.家庭成员 C.商人 [答案]B 25.关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确？ A.社会工作源于慈善。
B.社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题，还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。
C.社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。
[答案]C [短文]Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times，when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood.Social work has its roots in charity，as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with the poor and social problems.Although social work began as charity work，it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective.[2019年1月试题] Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with the problems arising from various types of“social fear”(“social phobias”)and diserimination such as sexism，racism，and discrimination against an individual due to his age，or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse，drug abuse，and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society.Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it，and are referred to as clients.Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community.In order to reach this goal，they often enlist the assistance of family members，relatives，local religious leaders，and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times，it is a temporary solution.Social workers usually serve in the front line，and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 21.The charity originally means to_________. A.help the poor that makes the rich feelgood. B.help clients return to normal life C.serve the whole society. [答案]A 22.When does social work begin？ A.Around the time of the industrial revolution. B.Biblical times. C.Modern time. [答案]A 23.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except_________？ A.poverty B.racism C.education [答案]C 24.In order to help clients live a productive life，social workers can turn to the assistance of_________. A.government B.family members C.businessmen [答案]B 25.Which statement about social work is NOT True？ A.Social work roots from charity. B.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with various social fear and discrimination. C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. [答案]C 附：
慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念，当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事情。社会工作源于慈善，因为它最初始于工业革命时期，当时有很多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和社会问题。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作，但它已经扩展了很多，需要从完全不同的角度看待， 现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题，而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧”(“社会恐惧症”)和歧视所产生的问题，例如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视。他的年龄，或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。
社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点，被称为案主。社会工作者帮助案主在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标，他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当地宗教领袖和其他有影响力的社区成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的，但它是一个临时解决方案。社会工作者通常在第一线服务，并与客户接触问题发生后不久。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复正常生活。
21.慈善原意为_________。
A.帮助穷人，让富人感觉良好。
B.帮助客户恢复正常生活 C.服务全社会。
[答案]A 22.社会工作什么时候开始？ A.大约在工业革命时期。
B.圣经时代。
C.现代。
[答案]A 23.现代社会工作除了_________以外，还存在以下问题？ A.贫困 B.种族主义 C.教育 [答案]C 24.为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于_________。
A.政府 B.家庭成员 C.商人 [答案]B 25.关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确？ A.社会工作源于慈善。
B.社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题，还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。
C.社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。
[答案]C [短文]Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times，when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood.Social work has its roots in charity，as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with the poor and social problems.Although social work began as charity work，it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective.[2020年1月试题] Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with the problems arising from various types of“social fear”(“social phobias”)and discrimination such as sexism，racism，and discrimination against an individual due to his age，or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse，drug abuse，and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society.Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it，and are referred to as clients.Social workers help clients liven productive life in their own community.In order to reach this goal，they often enlist the assistance of family members，relatives，local religious leaders，and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times，it is a temporary solution.Social workers usually serve in the front line，and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 21.The charity originally means to_________. A.help the poor that makes the rich feelgood. B.help clients return to normal life. C.serve the whole society. [答案]A 22.When does social work begin？ A.around the time of the industrial revolution B.Biblical times C.modern time [答案]A 23.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except_________？ A.poverty B.racism C.education [答案]C 24.In order to help clients live a productive life，social workers can turn to the assistance of_________. A.government B.family members C.businessmen [答案]B 25.Which statement about social work is NOT True？ A.Social work roots from charity. B.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with various social fear and discrimination. C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. [答案]C 附：
慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念，当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事情。社会工作源于慈善，因为它最初始于工业革命时期，当时有很多人穷人和社会正在寻求解决穷人和社会问题。尽管社会工作最初是慈善工作，但它已经扩展了很多，需要从完全不同的角度来看待。
现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题，而且还要处理各种“社会恐惧”(“社会恐惧症”)和歧视，如性别歧视、种族主义和对个人的歧视等问题。他的年龄，或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。
社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是其中的重点，被称为案主。社会工作者帮助案主在自己的社区中过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标，他们经常争取家人、亲戚、当地宗教领袖和社区其他有影响力的成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的，但它是一个临时解决方案。社会工作者通常服务于第一线，并很快接触到客户问题发生后。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复正常生活。
21.慈善原意为_________。
A.帮助穷人，让富人感觉良好。
B.帮助客户恢复正常生活。
C.服务全社会。
[答案]A 22.社会工作什么时候开始？ A.大约在工业革命时期 B.圣经时代 C.现代 [答案]A 23.现代社会工作除了_________以外，还存在以下问题？ A.贫困 B.种族主义 C.教育 [答案]C 24.为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于_________。
A.政府 B.家庭成员 C.商人 [答案]B 25.关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确？ A.社会工作源于慈善。
B.社会工作不仅涉及贫困和随之而来的问题，还涉及各种社会恐惧和歧视。
C.社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。
[答案]C [短文]Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times，when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feel good.Social work has its roots in charity，as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking a way of dealing with the poor and social problems.Although social work began as charity work，it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective.[内部资料] Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems，but also with the problems arising from various types of social fear (social phobias) and discrimination such as sexism，racism，and discrimination against an individual due to his age，or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse，drug abuse，and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society.Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it，and are referred to as clients.Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community.In order to reach this goal，they often enlist the assistance of family members，relatives，local religious leaders，and other influential members of the community.Although institutionalization may be necessary at times，it is a temporary solution.Social workers usually serve in the front line，and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 1.The charity originally means to_______. [答案]A.help the poor that makes the rich feel good. 2.When does social work begin？ [答案]A.around the time of the industrial revolution 3.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except？ [答案]C.education 4.In order to help clients live a productive life，social workers can turn to the assistance of_______. [答案]B.family members 5.Which statement about social work is NOT True？ [答案]C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. 附：
慈善是一个可以追溯到圣经时代的概念，当时帮助穷人基本上是富人为了让自己感觉良好而做的事情。社会工作源于慈善，因为它最初始于工业革命时期，当时有许多穷人和社会都在寻求一种解决穷人和社会问题的方法。虽然社会工作最初是慈善工作，但它已经扩展了很多，需要从完全不同的角度来看待。
现代社会工作不仅要处理贫困和随之而来的问题，还要处理各种社会恐惧(社会恐惧症)和歧视所引起的问题，例如性别歧视、种族主义和因年龄而对个人的歧视，或精神或身体残疾。社会工作者处理这些歧视的后果以及性虐待、药物滥用和各种其他问题产生的后果。
社会工作为社会提供了重要的服务。需要帮助的个人和家庭是它的重点，被称为客户。社会工作者帮助客户在自己的社区过上富有成效的生活。为了达到这个目标，他们经常寻求家庭成员、亲戚、当地宗教领袖和社区其他有影响力的成员的帮助。虽然制度化有时可能是必要的，但它只是一个临时解决方案。社会工作者通常服务于第一线，并伸出援手客户在问题发生后很快。目标是帮助客户在自然环境中恢复正常生活。
1.慈善本意为_______。
[答案]A.帮助穷人，让富人感觉良好。
2.社工什么时候开始？ [答案]A.大约在工业革命时期 3.现代社会工作主要解决以下问题，除了？ [答案]C.教育 4.为了帮助案主过上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于_______。
[答案]B.家庭成员 5.关于社会工作的哪项说法不正确？ [答案]C.社会工作就是富人想帮助穷人。
[短文]Educators，parents，students and community members in Miami-Dade and Broward counties are joining together to reclaim the promise of public education.This important effort is co-sponsored by the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association and is a vital step forward for our schools in South Florida.[2020年9月试题] Educators，parents and community members are working together to provide all students with the opportunity to attend quality public schools.Equal access to a public education is a right that should be afforded to all students.We can not expect our students to succeed if they do not have the right tools to do so. I＇ve been working as a teacher and lawyer for many years，so I know firsthand the obstacles teachers and students face everyday.There is no simple solution for our public schools＇ challenges，but one thing is for sure：We must all work together in order to better our schools.There is no time to waste because the future of schools and students is on the line.We must all get involved now. Educators need proper teaching resources in order for students to achieve.Just like in other careers，educators should receive ample opportunities for professional development. South Florida teachers and support staff are doing the best they can，but we need everyone to actively participate in the educational process. Florida receives the least amount of funding for public education compared to nearly all other states，but that will never stop our drive for success.We still have hope for our schools and students because the nation＇s public education system makes up the foundation of our future， 21.From the passage，we can guess the author is from_________. A.China B.the UK C.the US [答案]C 22.Educators，parents and community members are working together in order to_________. A.guarantee all students with opportunities to attend quality public schools B.enhance the quality of education C.supervise the public schools [答案]A 23.What does“obstacle”mean in paragraph 3？ A.something that stands in the way B.something cool C.something urgent [答案]A 24.What do educators need for professional development？ A.Investment. B.Equality. C.Opportunity. [答案]C 25.According to the passage，is there any simple solution for the challenges they are facing？ A.Yes. B.No. C.Not Given. [答案]B 附：
迈阿密-戴德县和布劳沃德县的教育工作者、家长、学生和社区成员正在联合起来，以恢复公共教育的承诺。这项重要的努力是由美国教师联合会和全国教育协会共同发起的，是向前迈出的重要一步。我们在南佛罗里达的学校。
教育工作者、家长和社区成员正在共同努力，为所有学生提供进入优质公立学校的机会。平等接受公立教育是所有学生都应享有的权利。我们不能指望我们的学生成功没有合适的工具来做到这一点。
我从事教师和律师工作多年，所以我亲身了解教师和学生每天面临的障碍。我们公立学校面临的挑战没有简单的解决方案，但有一点是肯定的：我们必须齐心协力为了更好地改善我们的学校。没有时间可以浪费，因为学校和学生的未来都处于危险之中。我们现在都必须参与其中。
教育者需要适当的教学资源才能使学生取得成就。就像其他职业一样，教育者应该获得充足的专业发展机会。
南佛罗里达州的教师和支持人员正在尽其所能，但我们需要每个人都积极参与教育过程。
与几乎所有其他州相比，佛罗里达州获得的公共教育资金最少，但这永远不会阻止我们追求成功的动力。我们仍然对我们的学校和学生抱有希望，因为国家的公共教育体系构成了我们未来的基础， 21.从文中，我们可以猜出作者来自_________。
A.中国 B.英国 C.美国 [答案]C 22.教育工作者、家长和社区成员正在共同努力，以便_________。
A.保证所有学生有机会就读优质公立学校 B.提高教育质量 C.监督公立学校 [答案]A 23.第3段中的“障碍”是什么意思？ A.挡路的东西 B.很酷的东西 C.紧急的事情 [答案]A 24.教育工作者职业发展需要什么？ A.投资。
B.平等。
C.机会。
[答案]C 25.根据文章，他们面临的挑战有没有简单的解决方案？ A.是的。
B.没有。
C.未给出。
[答案]B [短文]Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有读写能力的) without any formal instruction.Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach，which would leave their children confused and with gaps in their understanding.This however has been the philosophy on character development in many of our schools.Why is the development of character seen as somehow different from the other skills that we teach？[内部资料] Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染)in any school，but as a teacher and primary school head I have found that a child＇s moral literacy is strengthened when they acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration，courage and honor：qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德). I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple and effective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the virtue to embed(使融入)itself.Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be the case with fractions or verbs.Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to cover a mistake can be enormously interesting，and the drama can be frozen allowing the characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives.It＇s also a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control. Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt to strengthen their characters.When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the virtue that will prevent it from happening again.For instance，when am student thoughtlessly disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library，instead of a response such as，that was really disrespectful and selfish of you! we draw out from them the required virtue：When you＇re walking through the library，what virtues do you need to use？ 1.Which of the following is the main idea of this passage？ [答案]B.The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character development in children. 2.We can infer from the first paragraph that_______. [答案]C.the approach to character education is generally considered different from the approaches to other skills 3.The word philosophy in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_______. [答案]C.viewpoint 4.The author is a_______. [答案]A.teacher 5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in children？[答案]A.Story readings and discussions. 附：
想象一下，一所学校希望学生在没有任何正式指导的情况下成为读写能力(有读写能力的)。大多数父母会对这种方法感到震惊，这会使他们的孩子感到困惑和理解上的空白。然而，这一直是我们许多学校的品格发展理念。为什么品格发展与我们教授的其他技能有某种不同？ 当然，任何学校都会有耳濡目染学习，但作为一名教师和小学校长，我发现当孩子获得体贴、勇气和荣誉等良好品格的基石时，他们的道德素养就会得到加强：俗称美德的品质。
我在两周内探索美德提供了一个简单的计划，该计划允许学生的创造性输入，并有机会让教师自己嵌入(使美德和有效的)美德。有一次关于美德的课程例如诚实已经完成，我们需要让孩子们有时间练习这个概念，就像分数或动词的情况一样。让孩子们角色扮演一种情况，比如为错误找借口可能会非常有趣，并且戏剧可以被冻结，让角色被质疑他们的感受和动机。这也是孩子们自己体验谎言通常如何失控的安全方式。
我们作为教育者的角色也是寻找机会帮助我们的学生，因为他们试图加强他们的性格。当出现问题时，我们会引导年轻人获得防止再次发生的美德。例如，当学生不小心打扰时图书馆里平静的气氛，而不是这样的回应，真是对你的不尊重和自私！我们从他们身上提取出所需要的美德：当你走过图书馆时，你需要使用哪些美德？ 1.以下哪项是本文的主要思想？ [答案]B.作者和他的工作人员将美德融入课程和学校生活中，以鼓励孩子们的性格发展。
2.我们可以从第一段推断出_______。
[答案]C.性格教育的方法通常被认为不同于其他技能的方法 3.第一段中的哲学一词的意思最接近_______。
[答案]C.观点 4.作者是________。
[答案]A.老师 5.文章中没有提到以下哪项是培养孩子性格的方法？ [答案]A.故事阅读和讨论。
[短文]Is that 6 a.m.woke out getting in the way of good sleep？Don＇t think your fat cells won＇t notice.A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells，reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent.Over the long-term，this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood)，fatty liver disease and weight gain.[内部资料] The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there＇ an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good，healthy body weight，says sleep expert Helene Emsellem，director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase，Maryland.But Americans don＇t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night.More than 1 in 5 of us，according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night，on average. So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper？ Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project.They were all young，thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab.For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night，says Brady.Then，a month later，they came back for four additional nights—but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night.And after each visit，researchers got a sample of their fat.Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.I was very surprised to be honest，he says. Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin.Fat cells are actually your friend，he says.They＇re there to store lipids(血脂).When lipids stay inside the cells，your body can utilize the fat when you＇re exercising or sleeping or going about your day.However，when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant，the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream，Brady says. 1.According to the passage，lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT________. [答案]A.heart disease 2.The main idea of the third paragraph is________. [答案]C.how the research was conducted 3.What does the leach in the last paragraph probably mean？ [答案]C.Leak. 4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？ [答案]B.More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight. 5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？ [答案]B.Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study 附：
早上六点醒来会影响睡眠吗？不要以为你的脂肪细胞不会注意到。发表在《内科学年鉴》(医学期刊)上的一项新研究发现，睡眠不足对身体有害。对脂肪细胞的影响，使它们对胰岛素(胰岛素)的反应能力降低约 30%。从长远来看，这种降低的反应可能为2型糖尿病(一种体内糖分过多的疾病)奠定基础。他或她的血液)，脂肪肝疾病和体重增加。
睡眠专家、睡眠和觉醒障碍中心主任海伦•埃姆塞勒姆说，这项研究增加了越来越多的证据表明，我们获得的睡眠量与我们保持良好、健康体重的能力之间存在密切关系。雪佛兰蔡斯，马里兰州。但美国人似乎没有得到这样的信息，即我们每晚需要7到9小时。根据疾病控制和预防中心的一份报告，我们中有超过五分之一的人得到了六个平均每晚的睡眠时间更少。
那么研究人员在年鉴论文中是如何研究脂肪细胞的呢？芝加哥大学的马修•布雷迪(Matthew Brady)和一群同事选择并说服了七名志愿者参与了这个研究项目。他们都年轻、瘦弱、健康，并同意睡八晚在睡眠实验室。连续四晚，他们被允许每晚睡8.5小时，布雷迪说。然后，一个月后，他们又回来了四晚—但这次他们只被允许睡4.5小时每晚睡一觉。每次访问后，研究人员都会获取他们的脂肪样本。布雷迪解释说，脂肪细胞对睡眠不足做出了显着的反应。老实说，我非常惊讶，他说。
当脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反应减弱时，坏事就会发生。脂肪细胞实际上是你的朋友，他说。它们在那里储存脂质(血脂)。当脂质留在细胞内时，你的身体可以利用脂肪。重新锻炼、睡觉或继续你的一天。然而，当脂肪细胞开始产生胰岛素抵抗时，脂质开始从脂肪细胞中渗出并在血液中上升，布雷迪说。
1.根据文章，长时间睡眠不足可能会导致以下所有情况，除了________。
[答案]A.心脏病 2.第三段的主要思想是________。
[答案]C.研究是如何进行的 3.最后一段中的沥出大概是什么意思？ [答案]C.泄漏。
4.根据短文，下列哪项不正确？ [答案]B.越来越多的研究正在研究睡眠和体重之间的联系。
5.以下哪项是适合这篇文章的标题？ [答案]B.睡觉专家在一项脂肪研究中有令人兴奋的发现 [短文]It can be really frustrating(使人沮丧的)for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude.All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy，sweating，skinny members.Sometimes they stare at those of us who are，well，zaftig.It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes.Who wants to put up with that？[内部资料] Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising，especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group.Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention.Popular gyms are catering (迎合) to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the skinny people are not allowed. There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate. Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal，rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌).They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers. Often at these specialized gyms，the trainers are overweight themselves，or working on their own weight goals，and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image.The equipment has been designed for use by larger people.Wider seats，more cushioning，no mirrors，and tinted (有色的)windows for privacy，are all important changes. Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future.The idea is a very simple and potentially popular one.If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise more and improve our fitness level，it＇s a step in the right direction. 1.The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______. [答案]A.fat 2.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that______. [答案]B.overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry 3.What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members？ [答案]A.To achieve functional fitness. 4.As for the gyms catering to overweight members，which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？ [答案]C.There are large mirrors on the walls. 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ [答案]C.Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People. 附：
对于一个超重的人来说，带着积极的态度去健身房可能会让人感到沮丧(让人们感到沮丧)。所有的人只要走近任何一个不错的健身房，就会注意到所有健康的、出汗的、皮肤好的成员.有时他们盯着我们这些人，嗯，zaftig。很容易看到他们眼中的判断。谁愿意忍受呢？ 很多人在参加健身班的时候都对自己的身体有自觉性和孤立感，尤其是当他们比团体中的大多数人大的时候。现在健身行业终于开始关注了。流行的健身房是餐饮(迎合)通过专门用于不允许瘦人的区域来超重和有体重意识的客户。
甚至有些健身房或计划要求会员至少超重 50 磅才能参加。
培训师建议将功能性健身作为一个实际目标，而不是六块腹肌(六腹块肌)。他们经常使用短信与客户保持联系。
通常在这些专门的健身房里，训练师自己超重，或者为自己的体重目标而努力，这可以帮助那些因身体形象不佳而焦虑的人。设备专为体型较大的人使用。更宽的座位，更多的缓冲，没有镜子和有色(有色的)窗户以保护隐私，都是重要的变化。
希望这些类型的健身房在未来能够成功地增加数量。这个想法很简单，可能会很受欢迎。如果它可以帮助我们这些更大的运动量并提高我们的健身水平，这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。
1.第1段中的单词 zaftig 与______的意思最接近。
[答案]A.fat 2.我们可以从前两段推断出______。
[答案]B.超重的人经常被传统健身行业挫败和推开 3.针对超重会员的健身房的训练目标是什么？ [答案]A.达到功能性健身。
4.关于为超重会员提供服务的健身房，下列说法不正确的是？ [答案]C.墙上有大镜子。
5.以下哪个是文章的最佳标题？ [答案]C.专为超重人群设计的专业健身房。
[短文]Jim Thorpe was a Native American.He was born in 1888 in an Indian Territory(印第安人保护区)that is now Oklahoma.Like most Native American children then，he liked to fish，hunt，swim，and play games outdoors.He was healthy and strong，but he had very little formal education.In 1950，Jim Thorpe was named the greatest American football player.He was also an Olympic gold medal winner.But Thorpe had many tragedies in his life.[内部资料] Jim had a twin brother who died when he was nine years old.By the time he was 16，his mother and father were also dead，Jim then went to a special school in Pennsylvania for Native American children.There，he learned to read and write and also began to play sports.Jim was poor，so he left school for two years to earn some money.During this time，he played on a baseball team.The team paid him only $15 a week.Soon he returned to school to complete his education.Jim was a star athlete(运动员)in several sports，including baseball，running，and football.He won many awards for his athletic ability，mainly for football.In many games，he scored all or most of the points for his team. In 1912，when Jim Thorpe was 24 years old，he became part of the U.S Olympic team.He competed in two very difficult events：the pentathlon and the decathlon.Both require great ability and strength.The pentathlon has five track and field events，including the long jump and the 1500-meter race.The decathlon has ten track and field events，with running，jumping and throwing contests. People thought it was impossible for an athlete to compete in both the pentathlon and the decathlon.So everyone was surprised when Thorpe won gold medals in both events.When the King of Sweden presented Thorpe with his two gold medals，he said，Sir，you are the greatest athlete in the world.Thorpe was a simple and honest man.He just answered，Thanks，King. 1.From the passage we learn that Jim Thorpe was born in______. [答案]C.Oklahoma 2.According to the passage，most American Indian children loved all the following EXCEPT______. [答案]B.singing 3.Jim Thorpe started to play sports______. [答案]B.when he was 16 years old 4.The word decathlon in paragraph 3 probably means______. [答案]C.ten track and field events 5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [答案]A.In 1912，Thorpe went back to finish his college education. 附：
吉姆•索普(Jim Thorpe)是美国人。他是印第安人的领土(好吧，他出生在一个土著人的游泳圈)。现在大多数人都像美国的孩子一样，他喜欢钓鱼、打猎、在户外玩游戏。当时健康强壮，但他受过很少的正规教育。1950年，吉姆•索普被评为美国最伟大的足球运动员。他也是奥运会金牌得主。但索普一生中有很多悲剧。
吉姆有一个双胞胎兄弟，在他九岁时去世。到他 16 岁时，他的父母也去世了，吉姆随后去了宾夕法尼亚州的一所专门为美国土著儿童开设的学校。在那里，他学会了阅读和开始写作，也开始参加体育运动。吉姆很穷，所以他辍学两年挣点钱。在此期间，他在棒球队打球。球队每周只付给他 15 美元。不久，他回到学校完成学业。我是一名明星运动员，包括参加多项运动(棒球、篮球和足球)的大多数人。他因运动能力赢得了许多奖项，主要是足球。在许多比赛中，他获得了所有得分他的队伍。
1912年，吉姆•索普24岁的时候，他成为了美国国奥队的一员。他参加了两项非常艰巨的比赛：五项全能和十项全能。两者都需要很强的能力和力量。五项全能有五个田径项目，包括跳远和1500米比赛。十项全能有十项田径项目，包括跑、跳、投等比赛。
人们认为一个运动员不可能同时参加五项和十项全能。所以当索普在两项比赛中都获得金牌时，每个人都感到惊讶。当瑞典国王将他的两枚金牌送给索普时，他说，先生，您是世界上最伟大的运动员。索普是个憨厚老实的人。他只是回答，谢谢，King。
1.从这段话中我们得知吉姆•索普出生于______。
[答案]C.俄克拉荷马州 2.根据文章，大多数美国印第安儿童都喜欢以下所有内容，除了______。
[答案]B.唱歌 3.吉姆•索普开始参加体育运动______。
[答案]B.16岁时 4.第 3 段中的十项全能这个词可能意味着______。
[答案]C.十项田径项目 5.下列哪项不正确？ [答案]A.1912年，索普回到大学完成学业。
[短文]Liu Hui interviews Dr.Smith about the issue of educational inequality.[2021年7月试题] Liu Hui：Thank you，Dr.Smith，for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly.First，what do you mean by educational inequality？ Dr.Smith：Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students.But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts. Liu Hui：Why does it exist in modern society？ Dr.Smith：Well，researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic，racial and geographic reasons. Liu Hui：So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries. Dr.Smith：Yeah，you are right.For example，in the United States，although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality，it is evident in education. Liu Hui：Educational inequality exists in China，too.For example，the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces.How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality？ Dr.Smith：It＇s impossible to answer such a big question in few words.Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and..... 21.The researchers link educational inequality to_________. A.socioeconomic，racial and educational reasons B.racial，economic and geographic reasons C.racial，socioeconomic and geographic reasons [答案]C 22.Ace or ding to the passage，_________. A.in the United States，skin color is linked to other forms of inequality，but not in education B.in the United States，skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in education C.in the United States，skin color is linked to the inequality in education [答案]C 23.Educational inequality exists in_________. A.China only B.many countries C.all the countries [答案]C 24.What does the underlined word“eradicate”mean in the passage？ A.get rid of B.cope with C.carryout [答案]A 25.What＇s the attitude of Dr.Smith to the future of education equality？ A.reserved B.positive C.pessimistic [答案]B 附：
刘辉就教育不平等问题采访史密斯。
刘辉：谢谢史密斯博士同意接受我们校园新闻周刊的采访。首先，您所说的教育不平等是什么意思？ 史密斯：教育不平等是指某些学生在教育中与其他学生相比所经历的差距。但它的含义在不同的社会背景下有所不同。
刘辉：为什么会存在于现代社会？ 史密斯博士：嗯，研究人员将教育不平等与社会经济、种族和地理原因联系起来。
刘辉：所以教育不平等很可能在不同国家以不同的形式存在。
史密斯：是的，你是对的。例如，在美国，虽然肤色与其他形式的不平等有关，但在教育中很明显。
刘辉：中国也存在教育不平等。比如北京的大学入学率比其他省份高很多。你认为我们有朝一日怎样才能消除这种不平等？ 史密斯：这么大的问题不可能用几句话来回答。教育不平等已经成为当今每个国家最重要的政治和社会问题之一。已经进行了无数次改革尝试和...... 21.研究人员将教育不平等与_________联系起来。
A.社会经济、种族和教育原因 B.种族、经济和地理原因 C.种族、社会经济和地理原因 [答案]C 22.Ace 或 ding 段落，_________。
A.在美国，肤色与其他形式的不平等有关，但与教育无关 B.在美国，肤色只与教育不平等的形式有关 C.在美国，肤色与教育不平等有关 [答案]C 23.教育不平等存在于_________。
A.仅限中国 B.许多国家 C.所有国家 [答案]C 24.文中划线的“根除”是什么意思？ A.摆脱 B.应付 C.执行 [答案]A 25.史密斯对未来教育平等的态度是什么？ A.保留 B.正面 C.悲观的 [答案]B [短文]Liu Hui interviews Dr.Smith about the issue of educational inequality.[内部资料] Liu Hui：Thank you，Dr.Smith，for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly.First，what do you mean by educational inequality？ Dr.Smith：Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students.But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts. Liu Hui：Why does it exist in modern society？ Dr.Smith：Well，researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic，racial and geographic reasons. Liu Hui：So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries. Dr.Smith：Yeah，you are right.For example，in the United States，although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality，it is evident in education. Liu Hui：Educational inequality exists in China，too.For example，the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces.How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality？ Dr.Smith：It＇s impossible to answer such a big question in few words.Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and..... 1.Well，researchers link educational inequality to______. [答案]C.racial，socioeconomic and geographic reasons 2.According to the passage，______. [答案]C.in the United States，skin color is linked to the inequality in education 3.Educational inequality exists in______. [答案]C.all the countries 4.What does the word eradicate mean in the passage？ [答案]A.get rid of 5.What＇s the attitude of Dr.Smith to the future of education equality？ [答案]B.positive 附：
刘辉就教育不平等问题采访史密斯博士。
刘辉：谢谢史密斯博士同意接受我们校园新闻周刊的采访。首先，您所说的教育不平等是什么意思？ 史密斯博士：教育不平等是指某些学生在教育中与其他学生相比所经历的差距。但它的含义在不同的社会背景下有所不同。
刘辉：为什么会存在于现代社会？ 史密斯博士：嗯，研究人员将教育不平等与社会经济、种族和地理原因联系起来。
刘辉：所以教育不平等很可能在不同国家以不同的形式存在。
史密斯博士：是的，你是对的。例如，在美国，虽然肤色与其他形式的不平等有关，但在教育中很明显。
刘辉：中国也存在教育不平等。比如北京的大学入学率比其他省份高很多。你认为我们有朝一日怎样才能消除这种不平等？ 史密斯博士：这么大的问题不可能用几句话来回答。教育不平等已经成为当今每个国家最重要的政治和社会问题之一。已经进行了无数次改革尝试和...... 1.嗯，研究人员将教育不平等与______联系起来。
[答案]C.种族、社会经济和地理原因 2.根据文章，______。
[答案]C.在美国，肤色与教育不平等有关 3.教育不平等存在于______。
[答案]C.所有国家 4.文中的根除是什么意思？ [答案]A.摆脱 5.史密斯博士对未来教育平等的态度是什么？ [答案]B.正面 [短文]Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond，Virginia.Her mother was once a slave in a rich woman＇s house.When Maggie was very young，a thief killed her father.Her family was impoverished，so Maggie＇s mother started doing laundry in her home.Maggie had to help her.She washed clothes every day，but she continued to go to school.She was a very good student，especially in math.[内部资料] After Maggie graduated from high school，she got a job as a teacher.In 1886，she married Armistead Walker.They had two sons and Maggie stayed home to care for them.She also volunteered to help a social organization called the Order of St.Luke.This organization helped African Americans take care of the sick and bury the dead.Maggie Walker loved the work of the organization.The organization believed that African Americans should take care of each other. Over the years，Maggie Walker had more and more responsibilities with the organization.In 1895，she suggested that St.Luke begin a program for young people.This program became very popular with schoolchildren.In 1899，Walk became Grand Secretary Treasurer of the St.Luke organization.However，because she was a woman，she received less than half the salary of the man who had the job before her. The Order of St.Luke had a lot of financial difficulties when Walker took over.It had a lot of unpaid bills and only $31.61 in the bank.But soon Maggie Walker changed all of that.Her idea was to get new members to join the Organization.In just a few years，it grew from 3,400 members to 50,000 members.The organization bought a $100,000 office building and increased its staff to 55.Now Walker was ready for her next big step. 1.Maggie＇s father died______. [答案]C.when she was very young 2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE？ [答案]B.Maggie was once a slave. 3.Which of the following is TRUE？ [答案]A.Maggie loved to help other African Americans. 4.The word impoverished in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______. [答案]C.poor 5.After Paragraph 4，the author will probably talk about Maggie＇s______. [答案]B.next project 附：
玛吉•沃克1867 年出生于弗吉尼亚州里士满。她的母亲曾经是一个富婆家的奴隶。在玛吉很小的时候，一个小偷杀死了她的父亲。她的家庭贫困，所以玛吉的母亲开始在她家洗衣服。玛吉必须帮助她。她每天洗衣服，但她继续上学。她是一个非常优秀的学生，尤其是数学。
玛姬高中毕业后，找到了一份教师的工作。1886 年，她嫁给了阿米斯特德沃克。他们有两个儿子，玛姬留在家里照顾他们。她还自愿帮助一个名为“圣路易斯勋章”的社会组织。卢克。这个组织帮助非裔美国人照顾病人和埋葬死者。玛吉沃克热爱该组织的工作。该组织认为非裔美国人应该互相照顾。
多年来，玛吉•沃克在该组织承担了越来越多的责任。1895 年，她建议圣卢克为年轻人开设一个项目。这个项目在学童中很受欢迎。1899 年，沃克成为圣卢克组织的首席财务官。不过，因为她是女性，她的薪水还不到前任男性的一半。
沃克接手时，圣卢克骑士团遇到了很多财务困难。它有很多未付的账单，银行里只有31.61美元。但很快玛吉沃克改变了这一切。她的想法是让新成员加入组织。在短短几年内，它从 3,400 名成员发展到 50,000 名成员。该组织斥资 100,000 美元购买了一座办公大楼，并将其员工增加到 55 名。现在沃克已经准备好迈出她的下一步了。
1.玛姬的父亲去世了______。
[答案]C.当她很小的时候 2.下列哪项不正确？ [答案]B.玛姬曾经是奴隶。
3.下列哪项是正确的？ [答案]A.玛姬喜欢帮助其他非裔美国人。
4.第 1 段中的“贫困”一词与______最接近。
[答案]C.poor 5.在第4段之后，作者可能会谈到Maggie的______。
[答案]B.下一个项目 [短文]People say that money can not buy happiness.This was true for Howard Hughes.He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.He had everything：good look，success，power，and a lot of money.But he didn＇t have love or friendship because he couldn＇t buy them.All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him.In the end，he lost control of everything，even himself.[2021年1月试题] Howard Hughes was born in1905 in Houston，Texas.His father started the Hughes Tool Company.He was a workaholic(工作狂) and made a lot of money.He bought everything he wanted.He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them.From his father，Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman.Hughes＇s mother，Allene also had a big influence on his life.Howard washer only child.She protected him and gave him everything.Unfortunately Allene had mental problems.She was afraid of germs and diseases.She was obsessed with Howard＇s health，and he became obsessed with it too. Allene died when Howard was 16 years old.Two years later his father died.Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company.Then he married Ella Rice.He and Ella moved to Los Angeles，California.It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend(传奇人物).Hughes began to invest his money in movies.He became an important producer soon after he moved to California.He worked hard，but he also played hard.He became obsessed with power and control When he couldn＇t get something legally，he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him.He owned a lot of businesses，including airplane companies，a movie studio(制片厂)，Las Vegas hotels，gold and silver mines，and radio and television stations.Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night.He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend. 21.According to the passage，Howard Hughes was not_________. A.good-looking B.wealthy C.friendly [答案]C 22.Which of the following about Hughes＇ father is NOT TRUE？ A.He started the Hughes Tool Company. B.He drank alcohol a lot. C.He worked hard. [答案]B 23.Howard Hughes＇ parents died_________. A.when he was 16 years old B.before he was 19 years old C.after he got married [答案]B 24.The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means_________. A.troubled B.reduced C.related [答案]A 25.From the passage，we learn what Mr.Hughes lacked in his life was_________. A.education B.love C.money [答案]B 附：
人们说金钱买不来幸福。这对霍华德休斯来说是正确的。他是他那个时代最富有和最有权势的人之一。他拥有一切：漂亮的外表、成功、权力和很多钱。但他没有没有爱情和友情，因为他买不到。他一生都用钱来控制周围的一切和每个人。到最后，他失去了对一切的控制，甚至是他自己。
霍华德•休斯 1905 年出生于德克萨斯州的休斯敦。他的父亲创办了休斯工具公司。他是一个工作狂(工作狂)，赚了很多钱。他买了他想要的一切。他甚至给学校捐钱让霍华德上学从父亲那里，霍华德学会了成为一个成功但无情的商人。休斯的母亲，艾伦也对他的生活产生了很大的影响。霍华德•沃什唯一的孩子。她保护了他，给了他一切。不幸的是，艾伦有精神问题。她是害怕细菌和疾病。她痴迷于霍华德的健康，他也变得痴迷。
艾伦在霍华德 16 岁时去世。两年后他的父亲去世。休斯继承了休斯工具公司。然后他嫁给了艾拉•赖斯。他和艾拉搬到了加利福尼亚州的洛杉矶。霍华德•休斯就是在那里开始成为传奇的(人物传奇),休斯开始把钱投资在电影上。搬到加利福尼亚后不久，他成为了重要的制片人。他努力工作，但他也很努力。当他无法得到什么时，他变得痴迷于权力和控制从法律上讲，他为政客和企业提供帮助。他给了企业、电影制片厂(包括维加斯的飞机厂)、金银矿以及广播和电视台的很多钱。曾经他买了一个电视演播室，这样他就可以整晚看电影。他还买了一家旅馆，因为他想在他最喜欢的房间里住一个周末。
21.根据文章，霍华德休斯不是_________。
A.好看 B.有钱人 C.友好的 [答案]C 22.下列关于休斯父亲的说法不正确的是？ A.他创办了休斯工具公司。
B.他喝了很多酒。
C.他很努力。
[答案]B 23.霍华德休斯的父母去世了_________。
A.他16岁的时候 B.19岁之前 C.结婚后 [答案]B 24.第 2 段中的“痴迷”这个词可能意味着_________。
A.困扰 B.减少 C.相关 [答案]A 25.从这篇文章中，我们了解到休斯先生一生中缺乏的是_________。
A.教育 B.爱 C.钱 [答案]B [短文]Respondent：Binhai People＇s Hospital[内部资料] Address：No 7，Binhai Road，Binhai City The following answer is given to Zhang Hua＇s claim for personal-injury compensation by the Binhai People＇s Hospital：
1.The respondent does not have a direct contractual relationship with Zhang Hua.Zhang Hua had an oral contract to remove the high-voltage meter cabinet with Binhai No.2 Construction Installation Company on June 10，2008.He was assigned by Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company and therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the respondent. 2.Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua for the following reasons.Firstly，according to PRC laws and relevant judicial interpretations，Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company shall be responsible for any injury employees suffered in the contract performance.Secondly，Zhang Hua seriously violated the operational procedure in removing the high-voltage meter cabinet and failed to pay due attention thereto. 3.The respondent shall not be responsible for compensating the injuries of Zhang Hua.According to the General Principles of the Civil Law，any person engaged in highly dangerous operations shall be responsible for compensation.In this case，the respondent entered into a contract with Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company，whereby the source of high danger shifted to Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company.Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company became the subject of the dangerous operation，and therefore any damages caused in the contract performance by Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company have no connection with the respondent. Therefore，Binhai People＇s Hospital is not liable for compensating Zhang Hua.We hereby request the court to reject the plaintiff＇s action according to law. To：
Binhai City Intermediate People＇s Court Respondent：Binhai People＇s Court Date：May 10th，2011 1.According to the plaintiff，_______should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua. [答案]A.Binhai People＇s Hospital 2.Zhang Hua had an oral contract with_______. [答案]B.Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company 3.The respondent stated_______reasons to reject Zhang Hua＇s claim. [答案]C.3 4.Zhang Hua himself_______bear some responsibilities. [答案]A.should 5._______was quoted by the respondent. [答案]C.General Principles of the Civil Law 附：
被投诉人：滨海人民医院 地址：滨海市滨海路7号 现就张华向滨海人民医院提出的人身损害赔偿请求作如下答复：
1.被申请人与张华无直接合同关系。张华于2008年6月10日与滨海二建安装公司签订了拆除高压电表柜的口头合同。
2建筑安装公司，因此与被申请人没有直接的合同关系。
2.滨海第二建筑安装公司应负责赔偿张华，原因如下：首先，根据中国法律和相关司法解释，滨海第二建筑安装公司应对员工在工伤事故中的伤害承担责任。二是张华拆装高压电表柜严重违反操作规程，未引起应有的重视。
3.被申请人对张华的损害不承担赔偿责任。根据民法通则，从事高度危险作业的人应当承担赔偿责任。本案中，被申请人与滨海第二建筑安装公司，高危源转移至滨海第二建筑安装公司，滨海第二建筑安装公司成为危险作业主体，因此造成合同损失滨海第二建设安装公司的业绩与被申请人无关。
因此，滨海人民医院不承担赔偿张华的责任，请求法院依法驳回原告的诉讼。
到：
滨海市中级人民法院 被申请人：滨海人民法院 日期：2011年5月10日 1.原告认为，_______应负责赔偿张华。
[答案]A.滨海人民医院 2.张华与_______有口头合同。
[答案]B.滨海第二建设安装公司 3.被申请人陈述了驳回张华诉讼请求的_______理由。
[答案]C.3 4.张华自己_______承担一些责任。
[答案]A.应该 5._______被答辩人引用。
[答案]C.民法通则 [短文]Since its founding in 1948，McDonald＇s has grown from a family burger(汉堡包)stand to a global fast-food chain，with more than 30,000 locations in 118 countries.[内部资料] With 58 million daily customers worldwide，McDonald＇s is now so ubiquitous around the globe that The Economist publishes a global ranking of currencies＇ purchasing power based on the prices charged at the local McDonald＇s，called the Big Mac Index(巨无霸指数).That＇s not to say that every nation carries the same menu items：choices vary widely depending on location.Some Asian locations serve fried shrimp in a Big Mac roll，while McDonald＇s in India doesn＇t serve beef at all，relying instead on burgers made from vegetables，rice and beans. Not everyone in the world has been happy to greet Ronald McDonald when he moves to town.Many see McDonald＇s as a symbol of American economic and cultural chauvinism(沙文主义)，and European nations in particular have viewed American-style fast food as an insult to their national food.A French farmer，Jose Bove，became something of a national hero in 1999 after he and a group of people destroyed a McDonald＇s under construction to protest globalization and bad food.The next year，a bomb exploded in a French McDonald＇s，killing a 27-year-old employee.No one claimed responsibility. But regardless of whether you like their food or their policies，McDonald＇s is still widely seen as one of the true pioneers of peaceful globalization. 1.According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？ [答案]B.McDonald＇s has opened its restaurants in every city of the world. 2.The word ubiquitous in Paragraph 2 is most likely to mean______. [答案]C.existing everywhere 3.From Paragraph 2，we can conclude that______. [答案]A.McDonald＇s designs its menu to suit the local people 4.What did Jose Bove and his people do in 1999 to protest against McDonald＇s？ [答案]A.They destroyed a McDonald＇s under construction. 5.In______，an employee died in a fatal bomb attack on a McDonald＇s restaurant in France. [答案]C.2000 附：
自1948年成立以来，麦当劳已从一个家庭汉堡(汉堡包)摊位发展成为全球快餐连锁店，在118个国家拥有30,000多家分店。
全球每天有5800万顾客，麦当劳现在在全球范围内无处不在，以至于《经济学人》根据当地麦当劳收取的价格发布了全球货币购买力排名，称为巨无霸指数(巨无霸指数)。并不是说每个国家都有相同的菜单项：选择因地点而异。一些亚洲地点提供巨无霸卷中的炸虾，而印度的麦当劳根本不提供牛肉，而是依靠蔬菜制成的汉堡，大米和豆类。
并非世界上每个人都乐于在罗纳德搬到城镇时与他打招呼。许多人将麦当劳视为美国经济和文化沙文主义(沙文主义)的象征，尤其是欧洲国家将美式快餐视为一种侮辱1999 年，法国农民何塞•博维(何塞•博夫)和一群人摧毁了一家正在建设中的麦当劳以抗议全球化和劣质食品，从而成为了某种民族英雄。第二年，一枚炸弹在法国麦当劳爆炸，杀死一名 27 岁的员工。没有人声称对此负责。
但不管你喜欢他们的食物还是他们的政策，麦当劳仍然被广泛视为和平全球化的真正先驱之一。
1.根据文中的说法，下列说法不正确的是？ [答案]B.麦当劳在世界的每个城市都开设了餐厅。
2.第 2 段中无处不在的词最有可能的意思是______。
[答案]C.无处不在 3.根据第2段，我们可以得出结论______。
[答案]A.麦当劳设计适合当地人的菜单 4.1999 年何塞•博夫和他的人做了什么来抗议麦当劳？ [答案]A.他们摧毁了一家正在建设中的麦当劳。
5.在______中，一名员工在法国一家麦当劳餐厅的致命炸弹袭击中丧生。
[答案]C.2000 [短文]The celebration of International Women＇s Day(IWD)in 2011 was special as it marked the 100th anniversary of IWD.The United Nations＇ theme for the 2011IWD was“Equal access to education，training，science and technology：Pathway to decent work for women”.One hundred years ago，gender equality and women＇s empowerment were largely radical ideas.One hundred years later，there has been significant progress in women＇s empowerment and participation through determined advocacy，practical action and enlightened policy making.However，in too many countries and societies，women＇s social position is still low and lots of women are still trapped by poverty，discrimination，unemployment，illiteracy and violence.[2020年7月试题] As a basic human right，education is a key driver of economic growth and social change and the basis of women＇s empowerment.The global economy is increasingly knowledge-driven，and requires an educated workforce able to apply the existing technology and to develop new science and technologies to combat poverty and adapt to emerging issues. As education is the key to greater empowerment for women，investing in women and girls through the education sector has therefore a positive effect on the well-being of their families，their communities and nations.Strengthening the bridges between education，training，science and technology and the labor market is important in order to promote equal opportunity to decent employment for women. 21.2011 International Women＇s Day(IWD) was special because_________. A.it is the beginning of women＇s equality. B.itis100th anniversary. C.women got too much rights in that day [答案]B 22._________is a key factor of economic growth and social change and the women＇s empowerment. A.Equality B.Family responsibility C.Education [答案]C 23.Which of the following is not suffered by women in society nowadays？ A.poverty B.unemployment C.family burden [答案]C 24.Which one is NOT mentioned in relation to“education equality”？ A.pathway to decent work for women B.development of new science C.women＇s empowerment. [答案]B 25.What is the best title for the passage？ A.Creating Equal Access to Education B.International Women＇s Day C.Human Rights [答案]A 附：
2011 年国际妇女节(IWD)的庆祝活动是特别的，因为它是国际妇女节 100 周年纪念。联合国 2011 年妇女节的主题是“平等获得教育、培训、科学和技术：妇女获得体面工作的途径”。一百年前，性别平等和妇女赋权在很大程度上是激进的思想。一百年后，通过坚定的倡导、实际的行动和开明的政策制定，在妇女赋权和参与方面取得了重大进展。然而，在太多的国家和社会，妇女的社会地位仍然很低，许多妇女仍然陷于贫困、歧视、失业、文盲和暴力之中。
作为一项基本人权，教育是经济增长和社会变革的关键驱动力，也是赋予妇女权力的基础。全球经济日益受到知识驱动，需要受过教育的劳动力能够应用现有技术并开发新的科学和技术消除贫困和适应新出现的问题的技术。
由于教育是增强妇女权能的关键，因此通过教育部门投资于妇女和女孩对其家庭、社区和国家的福祉产生积极影响。加强教育、培训、科学和技术之间的桥梁劳动力市场对于促进妇女获得体面就业的平等机会很重要。
21.2011国际妇女节(IWD)很特别，因为_________。
A.这是女性平等的开始。
B.itis100 周年。
C.妇女在那天获得了太多的权利 [答案]B 22._________是经济增长和社会变革以及赋予妇女权力的关键因素。
A.平等 B.家庭责任 C.教育 [答案]C 23.以下哪项不是当今社会女性所遭受的？ A.贫困 B.失业 C.家庭负担 [答案]C 24.关于“教育平等”，哪一项没有提到？ A.妇女体面工作的途径 B.新科学的发展 C.妇女赋权。
[答案]B 25.文章的最佳标题是什么？ A.创造平等的受教育机会 B.国际妇女节 C.人权 [答案]A
推荐访问: